diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 26816aa..ba421de 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-larpcc: main.c lex.c preproc.c collection.c parse.c syms.c ast_str.c
+larpcc: main.c lex.c preproc.c collection.c parse.c syms.c ast_print.c resolve.c
 	gcc $^ -o $@ -std=c23 -pedantic -Wall -Wextra -g -fsanitize=address -Werror=switch
 
 
diff --git a/ast.h b/ast.h
index 08f525f..175ce6f 100644
--- a/ast.h
+++ b/ast.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define AST_H
 
 #include "collection.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
 
 typedef struct {
     int line;
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@ struct AstDeclar {
 };
 
 typedef enum {
+    AstExpr_Ident,
     AstExpr_Str,
     AstExpr_Call,
 } AstExprTy;
@@ -100,6 +102,7 @@ struct AstExpr {
     AstExprTy ty;
     Loc loc;
     union {
+        char* ident;
         char* str_val;
         struct {
             AstExpr* expr;
@@ -108,17 +111,37 @@ struct AstExpr {
     };
 };
 
-typedef struct {
-    ARRAY_FIELD(char, string);
-    Arena* arena;
-    int depth;
-} AstStringifier;
+void ast_stmt_block_print(FILE* f, const AstStmtBlock* node, int depth);
+void ast_stmt_print(FILE* f, const AstStmt* node, int depth);
+void ast_decl_print(FILE* f, const AstDecl* node, int depth);
+void ast_declar_print(FILE* f, const AstDeclar* node, int depth);
+void ast_expr_print(FILE* f, const AstExpr* node, int depth);
 
-void ast_stringifier_init(AstStringifier* s, Arena* arena);
-void ast_stmt_block_to_string(AstStringifier* s, const AstStmtBlock* node);
-void ast_stmt_to_string(AstStringifier* s, const AstStmt* node);
-void ast_decl_to_string(AstStringifier* s, const AstDecl* node);
-void ast_declar_to_string(AstStringifier* s, const AstDeclar* node);
-void ast_expr_to_string(AstStringifier* s, const AstExpr* node);
+typedef struct AstVisitor AstVisitor;
+
+typedef enum {
+    AstVisitor_Continue,
+    AstVisitor_Break,
+} AstVisitorResult;
+
+struct AstVisitor {
+    AstVisitorResult (*visit_stmt_block)(AstVisitor* v, AstStmtBlock* node);
+    AstVisitorResult (*visit_stmt)(AstVisitor* v, AstStmt* node);
+    AstVisitorResult (*visit_decl)(AstVisitor* v, AstDecl* node);
+    AstVisitorResult (*visit_declar)(AstVisitor* v, AstDeclar* node);
+    AstVisitorResult (*visit_expr)(AstVisitor* v, AstExpr* node);
+    void* op;
+};
+
+void ast_stmt_block_visit(AstVisitor* v, AstStmtBlock* node);
+void ast_stmt_block_visit_body(AstVisitor* v, AstStmtBlock* node);
+void ast_stmt_visit(AstVisitor* v, AstStmt* node);
+void ast_stmt_visit_body(AstVisitor* v, AstStmt* node);
+void ast_decl_visit(AstVisitor* v, AstDecl* node);
+void ast_decl_visit_body(AstVisitor* v, AstDecl* node);
+void ast_declar_visit(AstVisitor* v, AstDeclar* node);
+void ast_declar_visit_body(AstVisitor* v, AstDeclar* node);
+void ast_expr_visit(AstVisitor* v, AstExpr* node);
+void ast_expr_visit_body(AstVisitor* v, AstExpr* node);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/ast_print.c b/ast_print.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af70782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ast_print.c
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+#include "ast.h"
+#include "collection.h"
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+static void indent(FILE* f, int depth)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < depth; ++i) {
+        fprintf(f, "  ");
+    }
+}
+
+void ast_stmt_block_print(FILE* f, const AstStmtBlock* node, int depth)
+{
+    fprintf(f, "StmtBlock %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
+    indent(f, depth + 1);
+    fprintf(f, "stmts: [");
+
+    if (node->stmts_size) {
+        fprintf(f, "\n");
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < node->stmts_size; ++i) {
+            indent(f, depth + 2);
+            ast_stmt_print(f, node->stmts[i], depth + 2);
+            fprintf(f, ",\n");
+        }
+        indent(f, depth + 1);
+    }
+    fprintf(f, "],\n");
+
+    indent(f, depth);
+    fprintf(f, "}");
+}
+
+void ast_stmt_print(FILE* f, const AstStmt* node, int depth)
+{
+    switch (node->ty) {
+        case AstStmt_Decl: {
+            fprintf(f, "Stmt::Decl %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
+
+            indent(f, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, "decl: ");
+            ast_decl_print(f, node->decl, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, ",\n");
+
+            indent(f, depth);
+            fprintf(f, "}");
+            break;
+        }
+        case AstStmt_Expr: {
+            fprintf(f, "Stmt::Expr %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
+            indent(f, depth + 1);
+
+            fprintf(f, "expr: ");
+
+            ast_expr_print(f, node->expr, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, ",\n");
+
+            indent(f, depth);
+            fprintf(f, "}");
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void spec_print(FILE* f, AstSpec spec)
+{
+    struct {
+        AstSpec specifier;
+        const char* ident;
+    } spec_idents[] = {
+        { AstSpec_Int, "int" },
+        { AstSpec_Char, "char" },
+        { AstSpec_Unsigned, "unsigned" },
+        { AstSpec_Static, "static" },
+        { AstSpec_Const, "const" },
+        { AstSpec_Inline, "inline" },
+        { AstSpec_Typedef, "typedef" },
+        { AstSpec_Enum, "enum" },
+        { AstSpec_Struct, "struct" },
+        { AstSpec_Union, "union" },
+    };
+
+    bool first = true;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(spec_idents) / sizeof(spec_idents[0]); ++i) {
+        if (spec & spec_idents[i].specifier) {
+            if (!first)
+                fprintf(f, " ");
+            first = false;
+            fprintf(f, "%s", spec_idents[i].ident);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ast_decl_print(FILE* f, const AstDecl* node, int depth)
+{
+    fprintf(f, "Decl %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
+
+    indent(f, depth + 1);
+    fprintf(f, "spec: [");
+    spec_print(f, node->spec);
+    fprintf(f, "],\n");
+
+    if (node->spec & AstSpec_DefTy) {
+        assert(node->type_ident);
+        indent(f, depth + 1);
+        fprintf(f, "type_ident: \"%s\",\n", node->type_ident);
+    }
+
+    indent(f, depth + 1);
+    fprintf(f, "declars: [");
+    if (node->declars_size) {
+        fprintf(f, "\n");
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < node->declars_size; ++i) {
+            indent(f, depth + 2);
+            ast_declar_print(f, node->declars[i], depth + 2);
+            fprintf(f, ",\n");
+        }
+
+        indent(f, depth + 1);
+    }
+    fprintf(f, "],\n");
+
+    if (node->function_body) {
+        indent(f, depth + 1);
+        fprintf(f, "function_body: ");
+        ast_stmt_block_print(f, node->function_body, depth + 1);
+        fprintf(f, ",\n");
+    }
+
+    indent(f, depth);
+    fprintf(f, "}");
+}
+
+void ast_declar_print(FILE* f, const AstDeclar* node, int depth)
+{
+    switch (node->ty) {
+        case AstDeclar_Ident: {
+            fprintf(
+                f, "Declar::Ident %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
+
+            indent(f, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, "ident: \"%s\",\n", node->ident);
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case AstDeclar_Pointer: {
+            fprintf(
+                f, "Declar::Pointer %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
+
+            indent(f, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, "declar: ");
+            ast_declar_print(f, node->pointer.declar, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, ",\n");
+
+            indent(f, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, "spec: [");
+            spec_print(f, node->pointer.spec);
+            fprintf(f, "],\n");
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case AstDeclar_Array: {
+            fprintf(
+                f, "Declar::Array %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
+
+            indent(f, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, "declar: ");
+            ast_declar_print(f, node->array.declar, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, ",\n");
+
+            indent(f, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, "expr: ");
+            ast_expr_print(f, node->array.expr, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, ",\n");
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case AstDeclar_Function: {
+            fprintf(
+                f, "Declar::Function %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
+
+            indent(f, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, "declar: ");
+            ast_declar_print(f, node->array.declar, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, ",\n");
+
+            indent(f, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, "params: [");
+            if (node->function.params_size) {
+                fprintf(f, "\n");
+
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < node->function.params_size; ++i) {
+                    indent(f, depth + 2);
+                    ast_decl_print(f, node->function.params[i], depth + 2);
+                    fprintf(f, ",\n");
+                }
+
+                indent(f, depth + 1);
+                fprintf(f, "],\n");
+            } else {
+                fprintf(f, "],\n");
+            }
+
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (node->init_expr) {
+        indent(f, depth + 2);
+        fprintf(f, "decl: ");
+        ast_expr_print(f, node->init_expr, depth + 2);
+        fprintf(f, ",\n");
+    }
+
+    indent(f, depth);
+    fprintf(f, "}");
+}
+
+void ast_expr_print(FILE* f, const AstExpr* node, int depth)
+{
+    switch (node->ty) {
+        case AstExpr_Ident: {
+            fprintf(f, "Expr::Ident %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
+
+            indent(f, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, "ident: \"%s\",\n", node->ident);
+
+            indent(f, depth);
+            fprintf(f, "}");
+            break;
+        }
+        case AstExpr_Str: {
+            fprintf(f, "Expr::Str %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
+
+            indent(f, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, "str_val: \"%s\",\n", node->str_val);
+
+            indent(f, depth);
+            fprintf(f, "}");
+            break;
+        }
+        case AstExpr_Call: {
+            fprintf(f, "Expr::Call %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
+
+            indent(f, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, "expr: ");
+            ast_expr_print(f, node->call.expr, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, ",\n");
+
+            indent(f, depth + 1);
+            fprintf(f, "args: [");
+
+            if (node->call.args_size) {
+                fprintf(f, "\n");
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < node->call.args_size; ++i) {
+                    indent(f, depth + 2);
+                    ast_expr_print(f, node->call.args[i], depth + 2);
+                    fprintf(f, ",\n");
+                }
+                indent(f, depth + 1);
+            }
+            fprintf(f, ",]\n");
+
+            indent(f, depth);
+            fprintf(f, "}");
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ast_stmt_block_visit(AstVisitor* v, AstStmtBlock* node)
+{
+    if (v->visit_stmt_block && v->visit_stmt_block(v, node) == AstVisitor_Break)
+        return;
+    ast_stmt_block_visit_body(v, node);
+}
+
+void ast_stmt_block_visit_body(AstVisitor* v, AstStmtBlock* node)
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < node->stmts_size; ++i) {
+        ast_stmt_visit(v, node->stmts[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+void ast_stmt_visit(AstVisitor* v, AstStmt* node)
+{
+    if (v->visit_stmt && v->visit_stmt(v, node) == AstVisitor_Break)
+        return;
+    ast_stmt_visit_body(v, node);
+}
+
+void ast_stmt_visit_body(AstVisitor* v, AstStmt* node)
+{
+    switch (node->ty) {
+        case AstStmt_Decl:
+            ast_decl_visit(v, node->decl);
+            break;
+        case AstStmt_Expr:
+            ast_expr_visit(v, node->expr);
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void ast_decl_visit(AstVisitor* v, AstDecl* node)
+{
+    if (v->visit_decl && v->visit_decl(v, node) == AstVisitor_Break)
+        return;
+    ast_decl_visit_body(v, node);
+}
+
+void ast_decl_visit_body(AstVisitor* v, AstDecl* node)
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < node->declars_size; ++i)
+        ast_declar_visit(v, node->declars[i]);
+}
+
+void ast_declar_visit(AstVisitor* v, AstDeclar* node)
+{
+    if (v->visit_declar && v->visit_declar(v, node) == AstVisitor_Break)
+        return;
+    ast_declar_visit_body(v, node);
+}
+
+void ast_declar_visit_body(AstVisitor* v, AstDeclar* node)
+{
+    switch (node->ty) {
+        case AstDeclar_Ident:
+            break;
+        case AstDeclar_Pointer:
+            ast_declar_visit(v, node->pointer.declar);
+            break;
+        case AstDeclar_Array:
+            ast_declar_visit(v, node->array.declar);
+            ast_expr_visit(v, node->array.expr);
+            break;
+        case AstDeclar_Function:
+            ast_declar_visit(v, node->pointer.declar);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < node->function.params_size; ++i)
+                ast_decl_visit(v, node->function.params[i]);
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void ast_expr_visit(AstVisitor* v, AstExpr* node)
+{
+    if (v->visit_expr && v->visit_expr(v, node) == AstVisitor_Break)
+        return;
+    ast_expr_visit_body(v, node);
+}
+
+void ast_expr_visit_body(AstVisitor* v, AstExpr* node)
+{
+
+    switch (node->ty) {
+        case AstExpr_Ident:
+            break;
+        case AstExpr_Str:
+            break;
+        case AstExpr_Call:
+            ast_expr_visit(v, node->call.expr);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < node->call.args_size; ++i)
+                ast_expr_visit(v, node->call.args[i]);
+            break;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ast_str.c b/ast_str.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 0feca1e..0000000
--- a/ast_str.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,283 +0,0 @@
-#include "ast.h"
-#include "collection.h"
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-static void push(AstStringifier* s, const char* str)
-{
-    for (; *str; ++str) {
-        arena_array_push(s->arena,
-            (void**)&s->string,
-            &s->string_cap,
-            &s->string_size,
-            (void*)str,
-            sizeof(*str));
-    }
-
-    char ch = '\0';
-    arena_array_push(s->arena,
-        (void**)&s->string,
-        &s->string_cap,
-        &s->string_size,
-        (void*)&ch,
-        sizeof(ch));
-    s->string_size -= 1;
-}
-
-#define pushf(S, ...)                                                          \
-    do {                                                                       \
-        size_t len = snprintf(nullptr, 0, __VA_ARGS__);                        \
-        char* buf = calloc(len + 1, 1);                                        \
-        snprintf(buf, len + 1, __VA_ARGS__);                                   \
-        push(S, buf);                                                          \
-        free(buf);                                                             \
-    } while (false)
-
-static void indent(AstStringifier* s)
-{
-    for (int i = 0; i < s->depth; ++i) {
-        push(s, "    ");
-    }
-}
-
-void ast_stringifier_init(AstStringifier* s, Arena* arena)
-{
-    *s = (AstStringifier) {
-        ARRAY_FIELD_INIT(string),
-        .arena = arena,
-        .depth = 0,
-    };
-}
-
-void ast_stmt_block_to_string(AstStringifier* s, const AstStmtBlock* node)
-{
-    pushf(s, "StmtBlock %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
-    s->depth += 1;
-    indent(s);
-    push(s, "stmts: [");
-
-    if (node->stmts_size) {
-        s->depth += 1;
-        push(s, "\n");
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < node->stmts_size; ++i) {
-            indent(s);
-            ast_stmt_to_string(s, node->stmts[i]);
-            push(s, ",\n");
-        }
-        s->depth -= 1;
-        indent(s);
-    }
-    push(s, "],");
-
-    s->depth -= 1;
-    indent(s);
-    push(s, "}");
-}
-
-void ast_stmt_to_string(AstStringifier* s, const AstStmt* node)
-{
-    switch (node->ty) {
-        case AstStmt_Decl: {
-            pushf(s, "Stmt::Decl %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
-            s->depth += 1;
-
-            indent(s);
-            push(s, "decl: ");
-            ast_decl_to_string(s, node->decl);
-            push(s, ",\n");
-
-            s->depth -= 1;
-            indent(s);
-            push(s, "}");
-            break;
-        }
-        case AstStmt_Expr: {
-            pushf(s, "Stmt::Expr %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
-            s->depth += 1;
-            indent(s);
-
-            push(s, "expr: ");
-
-            ast_expr_to_string(s, node->expr);
-            push(s, ",\n");
-
-            s->depth -= 1;
-            indent(s);
-            push(s, "}");
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static void spec_to_string(AstStringifier* s, AstSpec spec)
-{
-    struct {
-        AstSpec specifier;
-        const char* ident;
-    } spec_idents[] = {
-        { AstSpec_Int, "int" },
-        { AstSpec_Char, "char" },
-        { AstSpec_Unsigned, "unsigned" },
-        { AstSpec_Static, "static" },
-        { AstSpec_Const, "const" },
-        { AstSpec_Inline, "inline" },
-        { AstSpec_Typedef, "typedef" },
-        { AstSpec_Enum, "enum" },
-        { AstSpec_Struct, "struct" },
-        { AstSpec_Union, "union" },
-    };
-
-    bool first = true;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(spec_idents) / sizeof(spec_idents[0]); ++i) {
-        if (spec & spec_idents[i].specifier) {
-            if (!first)
-                push(s, " ");
-            first = false;
-            push(s, spec_idents[i].ident);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void ast_decl_to_string(AstStringifier* s, const AstDecl* node)
-{
-    pushf(s, "Decl %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
-    s->depth += 1;
-
-    indent(s);
-    push(s, "spec: [");
-    spec_to_string(s, node->spec);
-    push(s, "],\n");
-
-    if (node->spec & AstSpec_DefTy) {
-        assert(node->type_ident);
-        indent(s);
-        pushf(s, "type_ident: \"%s\",\n", node->type_ident);
-    }
-
-    indent(s);
-    push(s, "declars: [");
-    if (node->declars_size) {
-        push(s, "\n");
-        s->depth += 1;
-
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < node->declars_size; ++i) {
-            indent(s);
-            ast_declar_to_string(s, node->declars[i]);
-            push(s, ",\n");
-        }
-
-        s->depth -= 1;
-        indent(s);
-        push(s, "],\n");
-    } else {
-        push(s, "],\n");
-    }
-
-    if (node->function_body) {
-        indent(s);
-        push(s, "function_body: ");
-        ast_stmt_block_to_string(s, node->function_body);
-        push(s, ",\n");
-    }
-
-    s->depth -= 1;
-    indent(s);
-    push(s, "}");
-}
-
-void ast_declar_to_string(AstStringifier* s, const AstDeclar* node)
-{
-    switch (node->ty) {
-        case AstDeclar_Ident: {
-            pushf(s, "Declar::Ident %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
-            s->depth += 1;
-
-            indent(s);
-            pushf(s, "ident: \"%s\",\n", node->ident);
-
-            break;
-        }
-        case AstDeclar_Pointer: {
-            pushf(
-                s, "Declar::Pointer %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
-            s->depth += 1;
-
-            indent(s);
-            push(s, "declar: ");
-            ast_declar_to_string(s, node->pointer.declar);
-            push(s, ",\n");
-
-            indent(s);
-            push(s, "spec: [");
-            spec_to_string(s, node->pointer.spec);
-            push(s, "],\n");
-
-            break;
-        }
-        case AstDeclar_Array: {
-            pushf(s, "Declar::Array %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
-            s->depth += 1;
-
-            indent(s);
-            push(s, "declar: ");
-            ast_declar_to_string(s, node->array.declar);
-            push(s, ",\n");
-
-            indent(s);
-            push(s, "expr: ");
-            ast_expr_to_string(s, node->array.expr);
-            push(s, ",\n");
-
-            break;
-        }
-        case AstDeclar_Function: {
-            pushf(
-                s, "Declar::Function %d:%d {\n", node->loc.line, node->loc.col);
-            s->depth += 1;
-
-            indent(s);
-            push(s, "declar: ");
-            ast_declar_to_string(s, node->array.declar);
-            push(s, ",\n");
-
-            indent(s);
-            push(s, "params: [");
-            if (node->function.params_size) {
-                push(s, "\n");
-                s->depth += 1;
-
-                for (size_t i = 0; i < node->function.params_size; ++i) {
-                    indent(s);
-                    ast_decl_to_string(s, node->function.params[i]);
-                    push(s, ",\n");
-                }
-
-                s->depth -= 1;
-                indent(s);
-                push(s, "],\n");
-            } else {
-                push(s, "],\n");
-            }
-
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (node->init_expr) {
-        indent(s);
-        push(s, "decl: ");
-        ast_expr_to_string(s, node->init_expr);
-        push(s, ",\n");
-    }
-
-    s->depth -= 1;
-    indent(s);
-    push(s, "}");
-}
-
-void ast_expr_to_string(AstStringifier* s, const AstExpr* node)
-{
-    push(s, "<expr>");
-}
diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
index a6cfaa8..eae82f3 100644
--- a/main.c
+++ b/main.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "ast.h"
 #include "collection.h"
 #include "parse.h"
+#include "resolve.h"
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -77,22 +78,19 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 
         Parser* parser = parser_new(&tokstream, &ast_arena);
 
+        Resolver* resolver = resolver_new();
+
         AstStmt* stmt;
         while (!parser_done(parser)) {
             stmt = parser_parse_stmt(parser);
 
-            Arena s_arena;
-            arena_init(&s_arena, 4096);
-            AstStringifier s = { };
-            ast_stringifier_init(&s, &s_arena);
+            ast_stmt_print(stdout, stmt, 0);
 
-            ast_stmt_to_string(&s, stmt);
-
-            printf("%s\n", s.string);
-
-            arena_deinit(&s_arena);
+            printf("\n");
         }
 
+        resolver_free(resolver);
+
         parser_free(parser);
 
         preproc_free(preproc);
diff --git a/parse.c b/parse.c
index 0034254..bb7519e 100644
--- a/parse.c
+++ b/parse.c
@@ -25,21 +25,6 @@ typedef struct {
     ARRAY_FIELD(KwNode, nodes);
 } KwMatcher;
 
-static void kw_tree_print(KwMatcher* m, KwNode* node, int depth)
-{
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < node->opts_size; ++i) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < depth; ++i)
-            printf(" ");
-        printf("%c", node->opts[i].ch);
-        if (node->opts[i].is_term) {
-            printf(" = %s\n", tokty_str(node->opts[i].val));
-        } else {
-            printf("\n");
-            kw_tree_print(m, &m->nodes[node->opts[i].val], depth + 1);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 static KwNodeOpt* kwmatcher_create_path(
     KwMatcher* m, size_t node_idx, const char* kw)
 {
@@ -60,12 +45,7 @@ static KwNodeOpt* kwmatcher_create_path(
             ARRAY_FIELD_INIT(opts),
             .idx = new_idx,
         };
-        arena_array_push(&m->arena,
-            (void**)&m->nodes,
-            &m->nodes_cap,
-            &m->nodes_size,
-            &new_node,
-            sizeof(new_node));
+        ARENA_ARRAY_FIELD_PUSH(&m->arena, m, nodes, &new_node);
         // might have been relocated
         node = &m->nodes[node_idx];
 
@@ -74,12 +54,7 @@ static KwNodeOpt* kwmatcher_create_path(
             .is_term = false,
             .val = new_idx,
         };
-        arena_array_push(&m->arena,
-            (void**)&node->opts,
-            &node->opts_cap,
-            &node->opts_size,
-            &new_opt,
-            sizeof(new_opt));
+        ARENA_ARRAY_FIELD_PUSH(&m->arena, node, opts, &new_opt);
 
         opt = &node->opts[node->opts_size - 1];
     }
@@ -131,12 +106,7 @@ static void kwmatcher_init(KwMatcher* m, TokStream* tokstream)
 
     arena_init(&m->arena, 512);
 
-    arena_array_push(&m->arena,
-        (void**)&(m)->nodes,
-        &(m)->nodes_cap,
-        &(m)->nodes_size,
-        (&(KwNode) { .idx = 0 }),
-        sizeof(*(&(KwNode) { .idx = 0 })));
+    ARENA_ARRAY_FIELD_PUSH(&m->arena, m, nodes, (&(KwNode) { .idx = 0 }));
 
     struct {
         TokTy ty;
@@ -150,8 +120,6 @@ static void kwmatcher_init(KwMatcher* m, TokStream* tokstream)
     for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(kws) / sizeof(kws[0]); ++i) {
         kwmatcher_add(m, kws[i].kw, kws[i].ty);
     }
-
-    kw_tree_print(m, &m->nodes[0], 0);
 }
 
 static void kwmatcher_deinit(KwMatcher* m)
@@ -165,12 +133,10 @@ static Tok kwmatcher_next(KwMatcher* m)
     if (tok.ty != Tok_Ident)
         goto exit;
     TokTy ty = kwmatcher_match(m, tok.text);
-    if (ty != Tok_Ident)
-        printf("info: matched '%s' on line %d\n", tok.text, tok.loc.line);
     tok.ty = ty;
 
 exit:
-    printf("  - %s(%s) %d:%d\n",
+    printf("        - %-10s %-10s %d:%d\n",
         tokty_str(tok.ty),
         tok.text,
         tok.loc.line,
@@ -178,16 +144,20 @@ exit:
     return tok;
 }
 
+typedef enum : unsigned int {
+    ParserFlags_ParsingTypedef = 1 << 0,
+} ParserFlags;
+
 struct Parser {
     KwMatcher kwmatcher;
     Arena* arena;
     Arena sym_arena;
 
-    Syms* ord_ns;
-    Syms* label_ns;
-    Syms* tag_ns;
+    Syms* syms;
 
     Tok curr;
+
+    ParserFlags flags;
 };
 
 Parser* parser_new(TokStream* tokstream, Arena* arena)
@@ -199,11 +169,11 @@ Parser* parser_new(TokStream* tokstream, Arena* arena)
         .arena = arena,
         .sym_arena = { },
 
-        .ord_ns = syms_new(),
-        .label_ns = syms_new(),
-        .tag_ns = syms_new(),
+        .syms = syms_new(),
 
         .curr = { },
+
+        .flags = 0,
     };
 
     kwmatcher_init(&p->kwmatcher, tokstream);
@@ -215,6 +185,7 @@ Parser* parser_new(TokStream* tokstream, Arena* arena)
 void parser_free(Parser* p)
 {
     kwmatcher_deinit(&p->kwmatcher);
+    syms_free(p->syms);
     free(p);
 }
 
@@ -239,7 +210,8 @@ DEFINE_NEW(AstExpr, expr)
 DEFINE_NEW(AstStmtBlock, stmt_block)
 
 static AstStmtBlock* parse_stmt_block(Parser* p);
-static AstDecl* parse_decl(Parser* p);
+static AstStmt* parse_stmt(Parser* p);
+static AstDecl* parse_decl(Parser* p, bool is_param);
 static AstDeclar* parse_declar(Parser* p);
 static AstSpec parse_decl_spec(Parser* p);
 static AstExpr* parse_expr(Parser* p);
@@ -248,17 +220,13 @@ static AstStmtBlock* parse_stmt_block(Parser* p)
 {
     Loc loc = p->curr.loc;
     assert(p->curr.ty == '{');
+    step(p);
 
     ARRAY_VAR(AstStmt*, stmts);
 
     while (p->curr.ty != Tok_Eof && p->curr.ty != '}') {
-        AstStmt* stmt = parser_parse_stmt(p);
-        arena_array_push(p->arena,
-            (void**)&stmts,
-            &stmts_cap,
-            &stmts_size,
-            (&stmt),
-            sizeof(*(&stmt)));
+        AstStmt* stmt = parse_stmt(p);
+        ARENA_ARRAY_VAR_PUSH(p->arena, stmts, &stmt);
     }
 
     if (p->curr.ty != '}') {
@@ -292,7 +260,7 @@ static bool is_defty_ident(Parser* p, Tok tok)
 {
     if (tok.ty != Tok_Ident)
         return false;
-    Sym* sym = syms_get(p->ord_ns, tok.text);
+    Sym* sym = syms_get(p->syms, tok.text);
     return sym && sym->ty == Sym_Typedef;
 }
 
@@ -301,7 +269,7 @@ static AstStmt* parse_stmt(Parser* p)
     Loc loc = p->curr.loc;
 
     if (is_decl_start_kw(p->curr.ty) || is_defty_ident(p, p->curr)) {
-        AstDecl* decl = parse_decl(p);
+        AstDecl* decl = parse_decl(p, false);
 
         if (!decl->function_body && p->curr.ty != ';') {
             fprintf(
@@ -320,6 +288,12 @@ static AstStmt* parse_stmt(Parser* p)
 
     AstExpr* expr = parse_expr(p);
 
+    if (p->curr.ty != ';') {
+        fprintf(stderr, "error: expected ';' on line %d\n", p->curr.loc.line);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    step(p);
+
     return new_stmt(p,
         (AstStmt) {
             .ty = AstStmt_Expr,
@@ -328,50 +302,47 @@ static AstStmt* parse_stmt(Parser* p)
         });
 }
 
-static AstDecl* parse_decl(Parser* p)
+static AstDecl* parse_decl(Parser* p, bool is_param)
 {
     Loc loc = p->curr.loc;
 
     AstSpec spec = parse_decl_spec(p);
 
+    if (spec & AstSpec_Typedef) {
+        p->flags |= ParserFlags_ParsingTypedef;
+    }
+
     ARRAY_VAR(AstDeclar*, declars);
 
     AstDeclar* first = parse_declar(p);
 
     ARENA_ARRAY_VAR_PUSH(p->arena, declars, &first);
 
-    if (first->ty == AstDeclar_Function && p->curr.ty == '{') {
-        AstStmtBlock* block = parse_stmt_block(p);
-        return new_decl(p,
-            (AstDecl) {
-                .spec = spec,
-                .declars = declars,
-                .declars_cap = declars_cap,
-                .declars_size = declars_size,
-                .function_body = block,
-                .loc = loc,
-            });
+    AstStmtBlock* function_body = nullptr;
+    bool multi_allowed = !is_param;
+
+    if (!is_param && first->ty == AstDeclar_Function && p->curr.ty == '{') {
+        function_body = parse_stmt_block(p);
+        multi_allowed = false;
     }
 
-    while (p->curr.ty == ',') {
+    while (multi_allowed && p->curr.ty == ',') {
         step(p);
 
         AstDeclar* declar = parse_declar(p);
 
-        array_push((void**)&declars,
-            &declars_cap,
-            &declars_size,
-            (&declar),
-            sizeof(*(&declar)));
+        ARENA_ARRAY_VAR_PUSH(p->arena, declars, &declar);
     }
 
+    p->flags &= ~ParserFlags_ParsingTypedef;
+
     return new_decl(p,
         (AstDecl) {
             .spec = spec,
             .declars = declars,
             .declars_cap = declars_cap,
             .declars_size = declars_size,
-            .function_body = nullptr,
+            .function_body = function_body,
             .loc = loc,
         });
 }
@@ -461,13 +432,16 @@ static AstDeclar* parse_declar_l3(Parser* p)
 
         ARRAY_VAR(AstDecl*, params);
 
-        while (true) {
-            AstDecl* d = parse_decl(p);
+        if (p->curr.ty != Tok_Eof && p->curr.ty != ')') {
+            AstDecl* d = parse_decl(p, true);
             ARENA_ARRAY_VAR_PUSH(p->arena, params, &d);
 
-            if (p->curr.ty != ',')
-                break;
-            step(p);
+            while (p->curr.ty == ',') {
+                step(p);
+
+                d = parse_decl(p, true);
+                ARENA_ARRAY_VAR_PUSH(p->arena, params, &d);
+            }
         }
 
         if (p->curr.ty != ')') {
@@ -502,7 +476,7 @@ static AstDeclar* parse_declar_l4(Parser* p)
         step(p);
         return new_declar(p,
             (AstDeclar) {
-                .ty = AstDeclar_Array,
+                .ty = AstDeclar_Ident,
                 .loc = loc,
                 .ident = ident,
             });
@@ -535,7 +509,7 @@ static AstSpec parse_decl_spec(Parser* p)
     while (true) {
         switch (p->curr.ty) {
             case Tok_Ident: {
-                Sym* sym = syms_get(p->ord_ns, p->curr.text);
+                Sym* sym = syms_get(p->syms, p->curr.text);
                 if (!sym || sym->ty != Sym_Typedef)
                     break;
                 spec |= AstSpec_DefTy;
@@ -580,7 +554,6 @@ static AstExpr* parse_expr_1(Parser* p)
     while (true) {
 
         if (p->curr.ty == '(') {
-            step(p);
 
             ARRAY_VAR(AstExpr*, args);
 
@@ -588,7 +561,7 @@ static AstExpr* parse_expr_1(Parser* p)
                 do {
                     step(p);
                     AstExpr* arg = parse_expr(p);
-                    ARRAY_VAR_PUSH(args, &arg);
+                    ARENA_ARRAY_VAR_PUSH(p->arena, args, &arg);
                 } while (p->curr.ty == ',');
             }
 
@@ -626,7 +599,7 @@ static size_t unescape_string(char* dest, const char* src)
 
     assert(src[0] == '"' && src[src_len - 1] == '"');
 
-    src -= 1;
+    src += 1;
     src_len -= 2;
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < src_len; ++i) {
@@ -663,6 +636,8 @@ static size_t unescape_string(char* dest, const char* src)
         dest_i += 1;
     }
 
+    if (dest)
+        dest[dest_i] = '\0';
     return dest_i;
 }
 
@@ -670,6 +645,17 @@ static AstExpr* parse_expr_2(Parser* p)
 {
     Loc loc = p->curr.loc;
 
+    if (p->curr.ty == Tok_Ident) {
+        char* ident = arena_strdup(p->arena, p->curr.text);
+        step(p);
+        return new_expr(p,
+            (AstExpr) {
+                .ty = AstExpr_Ident,
+                .loc = loc,
+                .ident = ident,
+            });
+    }
+
     if (p->curr.ty == Tok_Str) {
         size_t unescaped_len = unescape_string(nullptr, p->curr.text);
         char* unescaped_str = arena_alloc(p->arena, unescaped_len + 1);
diff --git a/resolve.c b/resolve.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc4849a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resolve.c
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#include "resolve.h"
+#include "ast.h"
+#include "syms.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+struct Resolver {
+    Syms* ord_syms;
+    Syms* tag_syms;
+    Syms* label_syms;
+
+    bool in_typedef;
+};
+
+Resolver* resolver_new()
+{
+    Resolver* r = malloc(sizeof(Resolver));
+    *r = (Resolver) {
+        .ord_syms = syms_new(),
+        .tag_syms = syms_new(),
+        .label_syms = syms_new(),
+
+        .in_typedef = false,
+    };
+    return r;
+}
+
+void resolver_free(Resolver* r)
+{
+    syms_free(r->ord_syms);
+    syms_free(r->tag_syms);
+    syms_free(r->label_syms);
+    free(r);
+}
+
+static AstVisitorResult visit_stmt_block(AstVisitor* v, AstStmtBlock* node)
+{
+    Resolver* r = v->op;
+    syms_push_scope(r->ord_syms);
+
+    ast_stmt_block_visit_body(v, node);
+
+    syms_pop_scope(r->ord_syms);
+    return AstVisitor_Break;
+}
+
+static AstVisitorResult visit_stmt(AstVisitor* v, AstStmt* node)
+{
+}
+
+static AstVisitorResult visit_decl(AstVisitor* v, AstDecl* node)
+{
+    Resolver* r = v->op;
+}
+
+static AstVisitorResult visit_declar(AstVisitor* v, AstDeclar* node)
+{
+    Resolver* r = v->op;
+    if (node->ty == AstDeclar_Function) {
+        syms_push_scope(r->ord_syms);
+
+        ast_declar_visit_body(v, node);
+
+        syms_pop_scope(r->ord_syms);
+        return AstVisitor_Break;
+    }
+
+    if (node->ty == AstDeclar_Ident) { }
+}
+
+static AstVisitorResult visit_expr(AstVisitor* v, AstExpr* node)
+{
+}
+
+void resolver_resolve_top_stmt(Resolver* r, AstStmt* stmt)
+{
+    if (stmt->ty != AstStmt_Decl) {
+        fprintf(
+            stderr, "error: expected declaration on line %d\n", stmt->loc.line);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    AstVisitor v = {
+        .visit_stmt_block = visit_stmt_block,
+        .visit_stmt = visit_stmt,
+        .visit_decl = visit_decl,
+        .visit_declar = visit_declar,
+        .visit_expr = visit_expr,
+        .op = r,
+    };
+
+    visit_stmt(&v, stmt);
+}
diff --git a/resolve.h b/resolve.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be606ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resolve.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef RES_H
+#define RES_H
+
+#include "ast.h"
+
+typedef struct Resolver Resolver;
+
+Resolver* resolver_new();
+void resolver_free(Resolver* r);
+
+void resolver_resolve_top_stmt(Resolver* r, AstStmt* stmt);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/syms.c b/syms.c
index 6ea8b91..5596f20 100644
--- a/syms.c
+++ b/syms.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ Syms* syms_new()
 
 void syms_free(Syms* s)
 {
+    free(s->maps);
     free(s);
 }