diff --git a/compiler/ast.ts b/compiler/ast.ts
index e86b9a7..1b98fe1 100644
--- a/compiler/ast.ts
+++ b/compiler/ast.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ export type Mod = {
 export type Stmt = {
     kind: StmtKind;
     pos: Pos;
+    details?: StmtDetails;
     id: number;
 };
 
@@ -27,7 +28,6 @@ export type StmtKind =
         params: Param[];
         returnType?: EType;
         body: Expr;
-        anno?: Anno;
         vtype?: VType;
     }
     | { type: "let"; param: Param; value: Expr }
@@ -36,6 +36,11 @@ export type StmtKind =
 
 export type AssignType = "=" | "+=" | "-=";
 
+export type StmtDetails = {
+    pub: boolean;
+    annos: Anno[];
+};
+
 export type Expr = {
     kind: ExprKind;
     pos: Pos;
@@ -147,17 +152,17 @@ export type GenericParam = {
 
 export type Anno = {
     ident: string;
-    values: Expr[];
+    args: Expr[];
     pos: Pos;
 };
 
 export class AstCreator {
     private nextNodeId = 0;
 
-    public stmt(kind: StmtKind, pos: Pos): Stmt {
+    public stmt(kind: StmtKind, pos: Pos, details?: StmtDetails): Stmt {
         const id = this.nextNodeId;
         this.nextNodeId += 1;
-        return { kind, pos, id };
+        return { kind, pos, details, id };
     }
 
     public expr(kind: ExprKind, pos: Pos): Expr {
@@ -172,3 +177,21 @@ export class AstCreator {
         return { kind, pos, id };
     }
 }
+
+export class AnnoView {
+    public constructor(private details?: StmtDetails) {}
+
+    public has(...idents: string[]): boolean {
+        return this.details?.annos.some((anno) =>
+            idents.some((ident) => anno.ident === ident)
+        ) ?? false;
+    }
+
+    public get(ident: string): Anno {
+        const anno = this.details?.annos.find((anno) => anno.ident === ident);
+        if (!anno) {
+            throw new Error();
+        }
+        return anno;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/checker.ts b/compiler/checker.ts
index 02eb85f..d8f92da 100644
--- a/compiler/checker.ts
+++ b/compiler/checker.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { EType, Expr, Stmt, Sym } from "./ast.ts";
+import { AnnoView, EType, Expr, Stmt, Sym } from "./ast.ts";
 import { printStackTrace, Reporter } from "./info.ts";
 import { Pos } from "./token.ts";
 import {
@@ -162,12 +162,12 @@ export class Checker {
             throw new Error();
         }
 
-        if (
-            stmt.kind.anno?.ident === "remainder" ||
-            stmt.kind.anno?.ident === "builtin"
-        ) {
+        const annos = new AnnoView(stmt.details);
+        if (annos.has("builtin", "remainder")) {
+            // NOTE: handled in lowerer
             return;
         }
+
         const { returnType } = stmt.kind.vtype!;
         if (returnType.type === "error") return returnType;
         this.fnReturnStack.push(returnType);
diff --git a/compiler/lexer.ts b/compiler/lexer.ts
index dea631a..b7f34f1 100644
--- a/compiler/lexer.ts
+++ b/compiler/lexer.ts
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ export class Lexer {
                 "for",
                 "in",
                 "mod",
+                "pub",
+                "use",
             ];
             if (keywords.includes(value)) {
                 return this.token(value, pos);
diff --git a/compiler/lowerer.ts b/compiler/lowerer.ts
index 67fc3e0..4adc504 100644
--- a/compiler/lowerer.ts
+++ b/compiler/lowerer.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Builtins, Ops } from "./arch.ts";
 import { Assembler, Label } from "./assembler.ts";
-import { Expr, Stmt } from "./ast.ts";
+import { AnnoView, Expr, Stmt } from "./ast.ts";
 import { LocalLeaf, Locals, LocalsFnRoot } from "./lowerer_locals.ts";
 import { MonoCallNameGenMap, MonoFn, MonoFnsMap } from "./mono.ts";
 import { Pos } from "./token.ts";
@@ -111,9 +111,15 @@ class MonoFnLowerer {
         for (const { ident } of stmt.kind.params) {
             this.locals.allocSym(ident);
         }
-        if (stmt.kind.anno?.ident === "builtin") {
-            this.lowerFnBuiltinBody(stmt.kind.anno.values);
-        } else if (stmt.kind.anno?.ident === "remainder") {
+
+        const annos = new AnnoView(stmt.details);
+        if (annos.has("builtin")) {
+            const anno = annos.get("builtin");
+            if (!anno) {
+                throw new Error();
+            }
+            this.lowerFnBuiltinBody(anno.args);
+        } else if (annos.has("remainder")) {
             this.program.add(Ops.Remainder);
         } else {
             this.lowerExpr(stmt.kind.body);
diff --git a/compiler/parser.ts b/compiler/parser.ts
index 67c1004..5bbf616 100644
--- a/compiler/parser.ts
+++ b/compiler/parser.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
     GenericParam,
     Param,
     Stmt,
+    StmtDetails,
     StmtKind,
     UnaryType,
 } from "./ast.ts";
@@ -37,18 +38,18 @@ export class Parser {
     private parseStmts(): Stmt[] {
         const stmts: Stmt[] = [];
         while (!this.done()) {
-            stmts.push(this.parseModStmt());
+            stmts.push(this.parseStmt());
         }
         return stmts;
     }
 
-    private parseModStmt(): Stmt {
-        if (this.test("mod")) {
-            return (this.parseMod());
-        } else if (this.test("fn")) {
-            return (this.parseFn());
+    private parseStmt(): Stmt {
+        if (
+            ["#", "pub", "mod", "fn"].some((tt) => this.test(tt))
+        ) {
+            return this.parseItemStmt();
         } else if (
-            this.test("let") || this.test("return") || this.test("break")
+            ["let", "return", "break"].some((tt) => this.test(tt))
         ) {
             const expr = this.parseSingleLineBlockStmt();
             this.eatSemicolon();
@@ -65,42 +66,6 @@ export class Parser {
         }
     }
 
-    private parseMod(): Stmt {
-        const pos = this.pos();
-        this.step();
-        if (!this.test("ident")) {
-            this.report("expected 'ident'");
-            return this.stmt({ type: "error" }, pos);
-        }
-        const ident = this.current().identValue!;
-        this.step();
-        if (this.test("string")) {
-            const filePath = this.current().stringValue!;
-            this.step();
-            this.eatSemicolon();
-            return this.stmt({ type: "mod_file", ident, filePath }, pos);
-        }
-
-        if (!this.test("{")) {
-            this.report("expected '{' or 'string'");
-            return this.stmt({ type: "error" }, pos);
-        }
-        this.step();
-
-        const stmts: Stmt[] = [];
-        while (!this.done() && !this.test("}")) {
-            stmts.push(this.parseModStmt());
-        }
-
-        if (!this.test("}")) {
-            this.report("expected '}'");
-            return this.stmt({ type: "error" }, pos);
-        }
-        this.step();
-
-        return this.stmt({ type: "mod_block", ident, stmts }, pos);
-    }
-
     private parseMultiLineBlockExpr(): Expr {
         const pos = this.pos();
         if (this.test("{")) {
@@ -160,13 +125,14 @@ export class Parser {
                 this.step();
                 return this.expr({ type: "block", stmts }, pos);
             } else if (
-                this.test("return") || this.test("break") || this.test("let")
+                ["#", "pub", "mod", "fn"].some((tt) => this.test(tt))
+            ) {
+                stmts.push(this.parseItemStmt());
+            } else if (
+                ["let", "return", "break"].some((tt) => this.test(tt))
             ) {
                 stmts.push(this.parseSingleLineBlockStmt());
                 this.eatSemicolon();
-            } else if (this.test("fn")) {
-                stmts.push(this.parseSingleLineBlockStmt());
-                stmts.push(this.parseFn());
             } else if (
                 ["{", "if", "loop", "while", "for"].some((tt) => this.test(tt))
             ) {
@@ -210,7 +176,103 @@ export class Parser {
         return this.expr({ type: "error" }, pos);
     }
 
-    private parseFn(): Stmt {
+    private parseItemStmt(
+        pos = this.pos(),
+        details: StmtDetails = {
+            pub: false,
+            annos: [],
+        },
+    ): Stmt {
+        const spos = this.pos();
+        if (this.test("#") && !details.pub) {
+            this.step();
+            if (!this.test("[")) {
+                this.report("expected '['");
+                return this.stmt({ type: "error" }, spos);
+            }
+            this.step();
+            if (!this.test("ident")) {
+                this.report("expected 'ident'");
+                return this.stmt({ type: "error" }, spos);
+            }
+            const ident = this.current().identValue!;
+            this.step();
+            const args: Expr[] = [];
+            if (this.test("(")) {
+                this.step();
+                if (!this.done() && !this.test(")")) {
+                    args.push(this.parseExpr());
+                    while (this.test(",")) {
+                        this.step();
+                        args.push(this.parseExpr());
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!this.test(")")) {
+                    this.report("expected ')'");
+                    return this.stmt({ type: "error" }, spos);
+                }
+                this.step();
+            }
+            if (!this.test("]")) {
+                this.report("expected ']'");
+                return this.stmt({ type: "error" }, spos);
+            }
+            this.step();
+            const anno = { ident, args, pos: spos };
+            return this.parseItemStmt(pos, {
+                ...details,
+                annos: [...details.annos, anno],
+            });
+        } else if (this.test("pub") && !details.pub) {
+            this.step();
+            return this.parseItemStmt(pos, { ...details, pub: true });
+        } else if (this.test("mod")) {
+            return this.parseMod(details);
+        } else if (this.test("fn")) {
+            return this.parseFn(details);
+        } else {
+            this.report("expected item statement");
+            return this.stmt({ type: "error" }, pos);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private parseMod(details: StmtDetails): Stmt {
+        const pos = this.pos();
+        this.step();
+        if (!this.test("ident")) {
+            this.report("expected 'ident'");
+            return this.stmt({ type: "error" }, pos);
+        }
+        const ident = this.current().identValue!;
+        this.step();
+        if (this.test("string")) {
+            const filePath = this.current().stringValue!;
+            this.step();
+            this.eatSemicolon();
+            return this.stmt({ type: "mod_file", ident, filePath }, pos);
+        }
+
+        if (!this.test("{")) {
+            this.report("expected '{' or 'string'");
+            return this.stmt({ type: "error" }, pos);
+        }
+        this.step();
+
+        const stmts: Stmt[] = [];
+        while (!this.done() && !this.test("}")) {
+            stmts.push(this.parseStmt());
+        }
+
+        if (!this.test("}")) {
+            this.report("expected '}'");
+            return this.stmt({ type: "error" }, pos);
+        }
+        this.step();
+
+        return this.stmt({ type: "mod_block", ident, stmts }, pos, details);
+    }
+
+    private parseFn(details: StmtDetails): Stmt {
         const pos = this.pos();
         this.step();
         if (!this.test("ident")) {
@@ -234,14 +296,6 @@ export class Parser {
             returnType = this.parseEType();
         }
 
-        let anno: Anno | undefined;
-        if (this.test("#")) {
-            const result = this.parseAnno();
-            if (!result.ok) {
-                return this.stmt({ type: "error" }, pos);
-            }
-            anno = result.value;
-        }
         if (!this.test("{")) {
             this.report("expected block");
             return this.stmt({ type: "error" }, pos);
@@ -255,60 +309,12 @@ export class Parser {
                 params,
                 returnType,
                 body,
-                anno,
             },
             pos,
+            details,
         );
     }
 
-    private parseAnnoArgs(): Expr[] {
-        this.step();
-        if (!this.test("(")) {
-            this.report("expected '('");
-            return [];
-        }
-        this.step();
-        const annoArgs: Expr[] = [];
-        if (!this.test(")")) {
-            annoArgs.push(this.parseExpr());
-            while (this.test(",")) {
-                this.step();
-                if (this.test(")")) {
-                    break;
-                }
-                annoArgs.push(this.parseExpr());
-            }
-        }
-        if (!this.test(")")) {
-            this.report("expected ')'");
-            return [];
-        }
-        this.step();
-        return annoArgs;
-    }
-
-    private parseAnno(): Res<Anno> {
-        const pos = this.pos();
-        this.step();
-        if (!this.test("[")) {
-            this.report("expected '['");
-            return { ok: false };
-        }
-        this.step();
-        if (!this.test("ident")) {
-            this.report("expected identifier");
-            return { ok: false };
-        }
-        const ident = this.current().identValue!;
-        const values = this.parseAnnoArgs();
-        if (!this.test("]")) {
-            this.report("expected ']'");
-            return { ok: false };
-        }
-        this.step();
-        return { ok: true, value: { ident, pos, values } };
-    }
-
     private parseFnETypeParams(): GenericParam[] {
         return this.parseDelimitedList(this.parseETypeParam, ">", ",");
     }
@@ -920,8 +926,8 @@ export class Parser {
         printStackTrace();
     }
 
-    private stmt(kind: StmtKind, pos: Pos): Stmt {
-        return this.astCreator.stmt(kind, pos);
+    private stmt(kind: StmtKind, pos: Pos, details?: StmtDetails): Stmt {
+        return this.astCreator.stmt(kind, pos, details);
     }
 
     private expr(kind: ExprKind, pos: Pos): Expr {
diff --git a/examples/annos.slg b/examples/annos.slg
index 3f1bb76..e470713 100644
--- a/examples/annos.slg
+++ b/examples/annos.slg
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-fn print(msg: string) #[builtin(print)] {
+//
+
+#[builtin(Print)]
+fn print(msg: string) {
     "hello" + 0    
 }